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The 35th G8 summit was held in L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy, on July 8–10, 2009. It was moved from the Sardinian seaside city of La Maddalena as part of an attempt to redistribute disaster funds after the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. The locations of previous summits to have been hosted by Italy include: Venice (1980); Venice (1987); Naples (1994) and Genoa (2001).〔Smith, Diane. ( "2009 G8 Summit In La Maddalena, Italy," ) eFluxMedia (New York). June 15, 2007; 35th summit website: ( "Italy in the G8." )〕 The G8 Summit has evolved beyond being a gathering of world political leaders. The event has become an occasion for a wide variety of non-governmental organizations, activists and civic groups to congregate and discuss a multitude of issues.〔Zablonski, Lukasz and Philip Seaton. ( "The Hokkaido Summit as a Springboard for Grassroots Initiatives: The 'Peace, Reconciliation & Civil Society' Symposium," ) ''The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus'' (e-journal). ID No. 2973.〕 The Iranian government made a formal complaint to the Italian government about "violent suppression of justice-seeking protesters by the Italian police."〔(Iran summons Italian envoy over G8 protests ). Press TV. July 10, 2009.〕 ==Overview== The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada starting in 1976. The G8, meeting for the first time in 1997, was formed with the addition of Russia.〔Saunders, Doug. ( "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders," ) ''Globe and Mail'' (Toronto). July 5, 2008.〕 In addition, the President of the European Commission has been formally invited to summits since 1981 and participates in all but political discussion and talks.〔Reuters: ( "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?" ), July 3, 2008.〕 The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's President Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the initial summit of the Group of Six (G6) in 1975.〔Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). (''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations,'' p. 205. )〕 The G8 summits during the 21st-century have inspired widespread debates, protests and demonstrations; and the two- or three-day event becomes more than the sum of its parts, elevating the participants, the issues and the venue as focal points for activist pressure.〔("Influencing Policy on International Development: G8," ) BOND (British Overseas NGOs for Development). 2008.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「35th G8 summit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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